How Imaginary Numbers Were Invented
E conheça também sobre o Melhor Bot Para Opções Binárias 2022
Que tal um robo gratuito para IQ Option? Sistema Para IQ Option Grátis
A general solution to the cubic equation was long considered impossible, until we gave up the requirement that math reflect reality. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via get 20% off a yearly subscription.
Thanks to Dr Amir Alexander, Dr Alexander Kontorovich, Dr Chris Ferrie, and Dr Adam Becker for the helpful advice and feedback on the earlier versions of the script.
▀▀▀
References:
Some great videos about the cubic:
500 years of not teaching the cubic formula. —
Imaginary Numbers are Real —
Dunham, W. (1990). Journey through genius: The great theorems of mathematics. New York. —
Toscano, F. (2020). The Secret Formula. Princeton University Press. —
Bochner, S. (1963). The significance of some basic mathematical conceptions for physics. Isis, 54(2), 179-205. —
Muroi, K. (2019). Cubic equations of Babylonian mathematics. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.08034. —
Branson, W. Solving the cubic with Cardano, —
Rothman, T. (2013). Cardano v Tartaglia: The Great Feud Goes Supernatural. arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.2181. —
Vali Siadat, M., & Tholen, A. (2021). Omar Khayyam: Geometric Algebra and Cubic Equations. Math Horizons, 28(1), 12-15. —
Merino, O. (2006). A short history of complex numbers. University of Rhode Island. —
Cardano, G (1545), Ars magna or The Rules of Algebra, Dover (published 1993), ISBN 0-486-67811-3
Bombelli, R (1579) L’Algebra
The Manim Community Developers. (2021). Manim – Mathematical Animation Framework (Version v0.13.1) [Computer software].
▀▀▀
Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Luis Felipe, Anton Ragin, Paul Peijzel, S S, Benedikt Heinen, Diffbot, Micah Mangione, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Sam Lutfi, MJP, Gnare, Nick DiCandilo, Dave Kircher, Edward Larsen, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Mike Tung, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Ismail Öncü Usta, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy ‘kkm’ K’Nelson,Ron Neal
Executive Producer: Derek Muller
Writers: Derek Muller, Alex Kontorovich, Stephen Welch, Petr Lebedev
Animators: Fabio Albertelli, Jakub Misiek, Iván Tello, Jesús Rascón
SFX: Shaun Clifford
Camerapeople: Derek Muller, Emily Zhang
Editors: Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev
Producers: Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, Emily Zhang
Additional video supplied by Getty Images
Music from Epidemic Sound and Jonny Hyman
Vídeo
Nature is full of fractals and many fractals (like Mandelbrot set) couldn't exist without complex numbers… So yes, complex numbers are related to nature 🙂
Imaginary numbers (and other mathemtical notions/objects like quaternions or octonions or non-commutative algebras) did not disconnect mathematics from reality … it disconnected mathematics from the ordinary human perception of reality. Big difference. If science had stuck to human perceptions of reality, we would still be where we were a million years ago.
This is honestly one of the most incredible videos on overall mathematics ever made, even though it's focusing on a specific topic. Should be required watching for all students. Few appreciate math because few know how to teach it.
A nice update to this would be the work on Geometric Algebra. We now know that the imaginary numbers are just the first step to higher dimensional analysis. Far from being imaginary or complex, i is a way of describing the mathematics of two dimensions.
This video gave people some meaning to their student life.
So if an early mathematician was presented with, say 23 minus 33, they would think of the answer as indeterminate?
everyone in 8 grade? i'm 31 and i haven't got a single clue what that means lmao x'D
Fascinating, and well-explained. It's a pet gripe of mine, but I wish you would use the past tense (instead of the present tense) when describing things that happened in the past. You're consistent about it, so it's not infuriating, but it is a bug bear. Nice video 🙂
Maths is fun but when it comes on result
My Asian parents tried to kill me 🥴
Wow! I just re-found this video watched a few months ago, and realized how amazing💫 is this explanation watching again. I am a math teacher💡, and have always found interesting, including for myself back⏳ in high school, why some students not happy with algebra, suddenly get interested in geometry, while others (like myself at the time) find geometry not as interesting as algebra. Of course in striving to be the best😇 math teacher, I did learn👍 as a teacher, that of course I will always ALSO be a student 🌞
If you are incapable, due to your lack of common sense of resolving real world problems through observation and action, math is the tool of the misfit creating imaginary solutions to intangible problems in an attempt to justify their madness and ego, a ginger freckled egg.
Hearing about how hypercapitalist mentality stifled the advancement of mathematics for centuries really puts things into perspective for me
In the first 5 min i learned more than in 13 years of school tnx
what a beautiful video
Math didn't give up it's connection to reality by using imaginary numbers, it showed that imaginary numbers aren't imaginary just something we have not figured out how to effectively keep track of outside of mathematical and experimental inference. Some day we will be able to describe, using layman's terms, what the square root of -1 physically means in reality.
That's where "completing the square" came from… hehe Thanks
Unless one understands equations, you might as well be looking into a dark field. Send for Isaac Bari. 👽
After 100 or possibly 50 years later these videos will be curated into a type of online museum. Its brilliant!
20:02 this entire segment blew my mind!!!
Meanwhile the people who studied all of these in detail for IMO: my power is way beyond your understanding..
Bro I literally heard of this story in a podcast YESTERDAY. Why does youtube recommend this now?
So I’ve always loved math and have been good at it. It was my favorite subject growing up. I graduated high school with 6 math credits even though I only needed 4 to graduate. I took AP calc my senior year. I majored in chemistry with a math minor originally (I didn’t finish the math minor though). And this video still blew my mind! Here I am at 28 years old and finally being introduced to the actual concepts that made modern math what it is. Math history is surprisingly interesting, coming from someone who isn’t a history fan in general.
Amazing video!
I don't even like math, so why am I watching this? 3 am me is weird
maybe the reason I find it hard to really understand some equations and mathematics stuff in class before is they're just introduced as it is without even a glimpse of it's history
Indian books were burnt by Mughals and Persians invasion our whole Universities were burnt which had so many books it burnt for months, we lost our history and our science. Still some remains which are amazing like zero and others, trigonometry was also used in India but India doesn't get recognised in the west, even the father of radio term to SC Bose was given too late and still most don't believe and then there is Ramanujan.
Hi, I really like your video. I am a Taiwanese, and I want to introduce your content by translate your contents into Taiwanese, with proper Taiwanese subtitle. Any chance I have your permission to do this project? Thanks!
4:00 If anti-matter exist on Earth naturally, maybe it would be possible for ancient people…
Helpful on a difficult topic. Well presented in lovely historical and practical choices, thank you
A lot of people today make the same mistake those 1500s mathematicians made. They don't realize that the universe isn't made out of math. Math is an illustration of the world's workings. The math is not the world any more than a photograph is a human being
We are the non invention generation Electric cars started in the 20th century
Because there no universe no space no gravity flat Earth is round with ice 360,' with ice wall around the outside ,above a dome affirmation n below it's what it is not useable the created world has already transposition in maths
14:58 I think you meant the square has an area of 20 rather than 30?
It’s interesting how people would think imaginary numbers would be ridiculous at first if you think about it. We live in reality, anything imaginary wouldn’t be useful in reality. But it seems to be the contrary.
I can see this with the concept of God. Now, I would probably be getting disliked if there is a button for it here but I think God is very necessary to our reality.
I do know that God has communicated with us for as long as humanity has ever existed. Like every culture all over the world has the concept of God. It may vary because of corruption mostly but there are consistent concept of God in most religions.
There is a theory in philosophy which is called The Contingency Theory, which talks about Existence itself and how contingent things or dependent things cannot rely on another dependent things at infinitum because if that were to happen then there is an infinite regress of causes or dependent things.
Which means, there is nothing from the beginning to start the causes. A First cause is necessary in order for existence to exist. This first cause cannot be dependent or contingent because if it is then the problem of infinite regress will continue.
The only solution to this infinite regress problem is have a First Cause which is Uncause. Having no beginning and always existed. Which might not make sense but this is the very concept of God. Which we hear so many times that God is eternal, that God is the First.
For atheists, God is imaginary for them. But I think in reality, God is never imaginary. Because our existence proves the existence of God. But which God is the truth in what religion? This philosophical theory doesn’t tells us that. It’s making a logical argument about how our Existence is possible.
That we NEED a Necessary Existence like the First Cause that is Uncause in order for existence to happen. The theory can be much more deeper than this. What I explained here is just the tip of the iceberg.
Wild
1×1=2 🙂
Because they needed to make stuff up to make equations work instead fixing their equations
Fun fact, all of the entry-level probability theory was discovered by a degenerate gambler trying to win and a brewmaster trying to get drunk.
Watching this, I feel like learning math was spoiled on me in my youth. I was a sad kid, who didn't really care much about anything. I was smart enough to do well in my math classes without too much trouble, but I can't say I was in any place to enjoy them the way I might have now. I don't think I valued life and the odd sense of harmony in the universe to appreciate the beauty in these sorts of things.
I can balance equations and work with various mathematica formulas, yet I have no clue what the hell they are used for.
❤️❤️❤️❤️
Had I watched this 2-3 years ago if have more interest in my college studies and wouldn't be in the verge of being a failure
2:45 complete the square.
That blew my mind.
Edit: Subbed.